2026, Volume 72(76), Issue 1 (March)

Contents

pages 1- 8   Download  

Studies On the Drying Kinetics of Celery Purée Under Controlled Temperature Conditions Using a Halogen Moisture Analyzer

LAURENȚIU-CONSTANTIN MIHĂILĂ, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
ANNAMARIA TALPALARU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
BEATRICE IOANA IACOB, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
CATALIN LISA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
GABRIELA LISA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania, gabriela.lisa@academic.tuiasi.ro

pages 9 - 19   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20118179
Abstract
This study investigates the drying kinetics of celery purée (Apium graveolens L.) using a halogen moisture analyzer at isothermal temperatures ranging from 50 to 105°C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG/DTA) revealed an initial moisture content of 88.67% and characteristic thermal degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Thin-layer drying curves were obtained, and effective moisture diffusion coefficients increased with temperature, ranging from 4.083·10-10 to 20.511·10-10 m2/s. Activation energy for moisture diffusion, calculated using the Arrhenius equation, was 30.18 kJ/mol, comparable to literature values reported for celery slices. Results indicate similar moisture diffusion mechanisms despite structural differences between purée and intact plant tissues. The study provides valuable experimental data for optimizing drying processes, reducing energy consumption, and producing high-quality dehydrated vegetable products with potential industrial applications.
Keywords: celery purée, drying kinetics, halogen moisture analyzer, effective moisture diffusion, activation energy

Lignin - A Promising Strategic Resource for Aqueous Media Contaminated with As(III)

ELENA UNGUREANU, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences, Iași, Romania
BOGDAN M. TOFĂNICĂ, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences, Iași, Romania, bogdan.tofanica@iuls.ro
CARMEN-OLGUȚA BREZULEANU, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences, Iași, Romania
OVIDIU C. UNGUREANU, “Vasile Goldis” West University of Arad, Arad, Romania
MARIA-EMILIANA FORTUNĂ, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iași, Romania
STEJĂREL BREZULEANU, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences, Iași, Romania
IRINA VOLF, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Romania

pages 21 - 31   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20118414
Abstract
The current study proposes to evaluate the adsorption capacity of Sarkanda grass lignin regarding the retention of As(III) from aqueous media from a thermodynamic, spectral and biological point of view, considering the need for rational use of resources and the danger of the As(III) ion derived from its potentially toxic function. The state of chemical equilibrium was assessed by determining the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption, and the diffusion and retention of the polluting species in the lignin pores were highlighted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biostability was analyzed by means of germination tests applied to barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L., Amethyst variety) incorporated in the lignin infested with As(III) and in the filtrates collected, after phase separation. The experimental results obtained recommend Sarkanda grass lignin for potential applications in the sorption of polluting species from aqueous environments, in particular As(III), offering a sustainable solution also in terms of the valorization of secondary agricultural products, in the context of the circular bioeconomy.
Keywords: sorption, toxic, lignin, As(III), Hordeum vulgare L.

Tourism and Free Movement in the European Union: Environmental Challenges and Pathways to Sustainable Development

TIBERIU VLAD SIMION, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania
RALUCA-MARIA MIGHIU (ȚÂBULEAC), “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania, raluca-maria.tabuleac@student.tuiasi.ro
MARIA GAVRILESCU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Technical Sciences of Romania, Bucharest, Romania

pages 33 - 68   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20118566
Abstract
This study examines the complex interplay between tourism, the free movement of people, and sustainable development within the European Union (EU). While tourism and mobility represent pillars of European integration, cultural exchange, and economic growth, they also generate substantial environmental and socio-economic pressures. The paper explores how increased tourist flows and cross-border travel contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation, particularly in ecologically sensitive and infrastructure-limited regions. Through a critical review of academic literature, policy frameworks, and regional case examples, the analysis identifies key governance challenges, including institutional fragmentation, uneven policy implementation, and the lack of harmonized sustainability indicators. Special attention is given to regional disparities in sustainability practices and the underrepresentation of mobility impacts in EU sustainability strategies. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated, participatory, and adaptive governance approaches that align long-term environmental goals with the socio-economic realities of tourism-dependent regions. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how the EU can advance its sustainability objectives in the context of increasing mobility and tourism intensity.
Keywords: environmental impact, European Union, free movement, sustainability policy, sustainable tourism

Antifungal Evaluation of a Gel Formulation with Nystatin-Loaded Liposomes

CODRIN PAUL FUIOAGA, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iași, Romania, codrin_paul@ymail.com
DELIA MIHAELA RATA, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iași, Romania
LEONARD IONUT ATANASE, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iași, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iași, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
TUDOR MOCANU, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iași, Romania
XENIA PATRAS, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iași, Romania
ANCA NICULINA CADINOIU, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University of Iași, Romania

pages 69 - 82   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20120434
Abstract
This study explores the development of a novel liposomal formulation of Nystatin for transmembrane administration aimed at treating oral mycoses. Traditional Nystatin, though effective, presents systemic toxicity risks. By encapsulating it in cationic liposomes (DPPC/DOTAP/CHOL) and embedding them into alginate hydrogels, the researchers achieved controlled drug release, improved bioavailability, and reduced side effects. The formulations were synthesized via lipid film hydration, characterized by zeta potential, size distribution, and encapsulation efficiency, and evaluated in vitro for antifungal efficacy using Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Results indicated dose-dependent antifungal activity with promising inhibition zones. This liposomal approach offers a safer, targeted alternative to systemic antifungals, particularly beneficial for patients with compromised mucosal barriers or immunosuppression. Future directions include broader microbiological evaluations and optimization of liposomal drug loading.
Keywords: Liposomal Nystatin, antifungal therapy, transmucosal delivery, alginate hydrogel, Candida albicans

Microwave Heating Application for Making Cellular Gravel Using Recycled Residual Flat Glass from Construction as Well as Alumina-Silicate Industrial By-Products (Fly Ash and Slag)

LUCIAN PĂUNESCU, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly, Bucharest, Romania, lucianpaunescu16@gmail.com
SORIN MIRCEA AXINTE, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly, Bucharest, Romania; National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Bucharest, Romania
MARIUS FLORIN DRĂGOESCU, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly, Bucharest, Romania

pages  83 - 94   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20120576
Abstract
The production of cellular glass gravel based on glass waste and a suitable foaming agent has rapidly reached an industrial level in the last decades, satisfying the need for insulation-under slab and rooftops, light filling material for landscaping, roof gardens, green roofs, etc., having drainage and load bearing abilities. Not only glass waste was tested for the manufacture of cellular gravels, but also other material precursors, the most interesting being metallurgical slag and coal fly ash. They exhibited the capability to increase the mechanical strength of cellular products, but had a certain negative effect on their thermal insulation and physical properties. The current work aimed at finding an optimal correlation between the proportions of glass waste and those of slag and fly ash used in the material mixture. The own technical solution of applying predominantly direct microwave heating was maintained in this experiment.
Keywords: cellular gravel, microwave heating, drainage, load bearing, insulating  

Strategies for Reducing Environmental Impact in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Trends, Challenges and Perspectives

LAURA-CRINA MIRAUTE (COCA), “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, Iași, Romania, laura-crina.miraute@student.tuiasi.ro
NICOLETA MIHAELA CASANEANU (DASCĂLU), “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, Iași, Romania
MARIUS PÎSLARU, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, Iași, Romania

pages 95 - 111   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20120772
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry faces increasing pressure to minimize its environmental footprint while ensuring product safety and quality. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of current trends, challenges, and best practices related to environmental sustainability in pharmaceutical production. Using a systematic literature review approach, the study examines key areas such as greenhouse gas emissions, water contamination with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and hazardous waste management. The findings reveal that large companies in developed countries are leading the adoption of green chemistry principles and life cycle assessment (LCA), driven by regulatory frameworks and financial resources, while producers in emerging economies struggle with inadequate waste management infrastructure and regulatory enforcement. The paper also explores regulatory influences, technological innovations, and digitalization as enablers of sustainable practices. Solutions such as process optimization, renewable energy adoption, solvent recovery, and integration of artificial intelligence in production processes are highlighted as essential for reducing the sector’s ecological impact. This review identifies research gaps and provides recommendations for aligning pharmaceutical manufacturing with global sustainability goals.
Keywords: sustainability, pharmaceutical industry, green chemistry, life cycle assessment (LCA), environmental impact, waste management

Chemical Activation of Inert Silicate Waste into Pozzolanic Glass As a Replacer of Ordinary Portland Cement in Making Concrete

LUCIAN PĂUNESCU, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Research Center for Environmental Protection and Eco-Friendly, Bucharest, Romania, lucianpaunescu16@gmail.com
ADRIAN IOANA, National University of Science and Technology “Politehnica”, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
BOGDAN VALENTIN PĂUNESCU, Consitrans SA, Bucharest, Romania

pages 113 - 127   Download
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20120937
Abstract
The current paper concerns the possibility of partial replacing Portland cement, the production of which creates ecological difficulties, with the widely available waste glass in manufacturing process of construction concrete. Converting the glass from an inert waste into one with pozzolanic properties similar to those of cement through fine grinding the glass represents an adequate method to achieve this objective. The experiment described in this paper allowed replacing cement with pozzolanic glass in proportions under 36%. Using for the first time recycled amber-glass from post-consumer drinking bottles together with cement as binders, fine and coarse aggregates, sodium lignosulfonate as a water-reducing superplasticizer, and working-water, four concrete versions were made, where compressive strength was increased up to 49.8 MPa corresponding to the use of 36% cement replacement and at the end of the 56-day curing process. Also, flexural strength reached a maximum value of 11.4 MPa.
Keywords: cement, residual amber-glass, pozzolanic, superplasticizer, strength